This study provides Microdata for household and school surveys collected to support the 2017 Poverty Diagnostic of the Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Sector. The diagnostic aimed to assess and visualize drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene service conditions of communities and households in the bottom 40 percent of the income distribution. The primary survey data comes from two nationally representative surveys that were carried out for this study. The Household WASH Survey and the School WASH Survey covered about 3,000 households and 300 primary/secondary schools, respectively, and were conducted in the same primary sampling units following a household listing exercise. The school survey covers basic WASH conditions in schools, whereas the household survey contains information on the availability and quality of WASH services, costs incurred for meeting WASH needs, the health and other impacts on household wellbeing, and willingness to pay for improved services.